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30. August. 2022 - 23. September.2022
Week 1 - Week 4
Christine Tan Yuen Yan / 0344039
Design Principles GCD60804 / Bachelor of Design (Hons) in Creative Media/ Class 01 Sec 01
Exercises
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| credit from:https://artclasscurator.com/principles-of-design-examples/ |
SUMMARY OF LECTURES for Week 1 to Week 4:
INTRODUCTION OF MIB & ASSIGNMENTS.
On 30th August 20222, I met my lecturer Dr Yip Jinchi for the
module Design Principles, this module is slightly different from the
others as we conduct our class through an online platform; Microsoft
Teams. Dr Yip introduced us to our MIB requirements and assignments,
on the first day she appointed us to watch the pre-recorded lecture
video and our first exercise which due date is on week 4 Friday 23
September hence we need to select 5 design principles among the 9
design principles such as;
1) Gestalt theory
2) Contrast
3) Emphasis
4) Balance
5) Repetition
6) Movement
7) Harmony & Unity
8) Symbol
9) Word and Image
After the class is been dismissed, I do have some time so I watch
through the lecture notes to have a better understanding of the
principles of design. Below images are the examples that I have
found through the online platforms.
Overview of Design Principles
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Figure 1.1 image taken from the 'element of art &
principles of design art poster' |
Gestalt Theory
Gestalt refers to 'shape' or 'form' in the German language. Our
human brain is wired to see patterns, logic and structure.
Moreover, Gestalt also means 'unified the whole' which represents
the principles of proximity, closure, similarity, closure,
continuation, symmetry and a good figure.
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figure 1.2 https://people.utm.my/norulhuda/gestalt-psychology/ |
Principles of Similarity - Our
eye tends to perceive similar elements in a design as a complete
picture, shape or in a group although those elements are being
separated. The image does not consider to be identical but should
share at least one visible trait such as the colour, shape or size
to be perceived as part of the group.
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figure 1.4, gestalt theory https://medium.muz.li/gestalt-principles-in-ui-design-6b75a41e9965 |
Principles of Closure - Our eye prefers to see a complete shape, hence if the
visual elements are not being completed, the user can
perceive a complete shape by filling in missing visual
information.
 figure 1.5, gestalt theory, |
| https://medium.muz.li/gestalt-principles-in-ui-design-6b75a41e9965 |
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Principles of Continuation - The law of continuation asserts that the human eye
follows the lines, curves, or sequence of shapes in
order to determine a relationship between the designs
element. The continuation can carry through both
positive and negative spaces in the design.
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figure 1.7, gestalt theory https://medium.muz.li/gestalt-principles-in-ui-design-6b75a41e9965 |
Principles of Symmetry- The definition
of principles of symmetry means that the work of art
is the same on one side as the other, a mirror image
or itself, on both sides of a centre line.
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figure 1.8, gestalt theory https://medium.muz.li/gestalt-principles-in-ui-design-6b75a41e9965 |
Principles of Good Figure - The objects that are grouped together tend to
be perceived as a single
figure.
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figure 1.9, gestalt theory https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2016/05/improve-your-designs-with-the-principles-of-closure-and-figure-ground-part-2/ |
Principles of Proximity - the definition
of proximity is stated that items that are close
together are likely to be perceived as part of the
group by sharing similar functionality or
traits. For example, proximity is standing
next to someone, proximity helps us organize
objects by their relatedness to other objects, and
it also helps to organize information faster and
more efficiently.
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figure 1.10, gestalt theory https://moss51.com/proximity-principle-in-gestalt-theory/ |
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figure 1.11, gestalt theory https://www.inkyy.com/gestalt-theory-in-design/ |
Contrast
Contrast is the principle of art that shows two
qualities of art next to each other that stands out
and calls attention to the mood of the piece. The
contrast can be between hues, values, contrasting
shapes, forms, lines and texture. Contrast also can be
a way of highlighting the message that the artist is
trying to present.
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figure 1.12 https://contrastprincipleofart.weebly.com/principle-and-painting.htm |
In this art, we can see that the artist used the apple as contrast
while the hand of the people are coloured greyish, while the apple is
coloured bright red thus it captures our attention to the apple, and
it tells us that the apple is the focus of the art.
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figure 1.13, contrast https://digital-photography-school.com/weekly-photography-challenge-contrast/ |
Sometimes contrast does not have to be black with red, it can be
other colours like figure 1.13, blue and orange normally it does not
fit well together but through this art, we can notice that the
highlight is on the colour of the orange fruit.
Repetition
Repetition is a repeating or being repeated of a word, design,
pattern, shape and lines or other visual elements in a single part
of the series. Although the production of something is repetitive, it is still
challenging as we do not want to create our design to be dull.
This art is by the hand of the artist - Claude Monet, he is a
legendary french painter who was the leading figure at the time of
impressionism, in this art his focus was to
paint the same sight over and over again.
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figure 1.14 Claude Monet: https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/repetition-in-art-artists-photography |
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figure 1.15, Rene Magritte - Gloconda,1953 https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/repetition-in-art-artists-photography |
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figure 1.16, Andy Warhol, Campbell's soup can https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/repetition-in-art-artists-photography |
Harmony and Unity
Unity also called Harmony holds a fundamental position in
principles of design that gives the artwork a sense of cohesion or
coherence. It is the wholeness or completeness of a picture. Unity
composition makes sense as a whole piece of art.
Hormany is the visually satisfying effect of combining
similar or alongside several's elements; adjacent colours, similar
shape, balance, rhythm, variety, contrast, scale proportion, and
related texture.
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figure 1.17, harmony & unity, Vincent Van Gogh, The
Starry Night, 1889 https://allynsimpson.wordpress.com/2013/10/03/unity-harmony-and-variety-proximity-repitition-and-continuation-continuity/ |
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figure 1.18, harmony & unity, Santa Fe Landscape, Ca,
1930 by Willard Ayer Nash https://www.paintingstar.com/item-santa-fe-landscape-ca-1930-s204049.html |
Balance
Balance in art refers to the use of artistic elements such as line,
texture, colour and form in the creation of artworks in a way that
renders visual stability. Balance also is one of the principles of
organization of structural elements of art and design, along with
unity, proportion, emphasis and rhythm.
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figure 1.19, Balance, https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/balance-in-art-symmetrical-asymmetrical-radial-blance-design |
When creating a balance in two-dimensional art pieces, artists and
designers need to be careful in allocating weight, to different
elements in their work, as too much emphasis on one element, or a
group of elements can cement the audience's attention to that part of
the work and leave others unobserved. Balance is important as it
brings visual harmony, rhythm and coherence to artwork, and it
confirms its completeness.
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figure 1.20, Balance, https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/balance-in-art-symmetrical-asymmetrical-radial-blance-design |
Symmetrical Balance can also be established or observed in art, left
to right balance is achieved through symmetrical arrangements, but
vertical balance is equally essential if the artist overemphasizes
either the upper or lower part in their compositions it can
destabilize the coherency and consistency of an artwork. Symmetrical
balance is used when feelings of order, formality, rationality and
permanence should be evoked.
Movement
Movement is the principle of art that an artist uses to guide a
viewer's eye in, through and out of a composition. The most perfect
example moment in the art will be the piece of art from Vincent van
Gogh's The Starry Night, which takes the attention on a rollercoaster
around with the twists and swirls.
Creating Movement with Lines, Line can communicate movement in
another way. A drawn line is a path, the locations where a line begins
and ends reveal the movement of the artist's hand. In art, lines can
be defined as moving dots.
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figure 1.21, Movement, Karate hero, https://thevirtualinstructor.com/blog/movement-a-principle-of-art |
The painting, Spanish Dancer, by John Singer Sargent, clearly
illustrates implied movement. See how the dancer's head is well left
of her feet and not centred over the feet. This relative orientation
of the head and feet tells the viewer that she is in either motion
or off balance. Gravity is taking her left. She is going to have to
keep up by moving her feet or she will fall.
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figure 1.22, Movement, Spanish dance, John Singer Sargent https://thevirtualinstructor.com/blog/movement-a-principle-of-art |
Of course, she will not fall because she is, in fact,
dancing.
Symbol
In art, the symbol is usually a solid, recognizable thing - an
animal, a plant, an object, that stands for something that would be
hard to show in a picture or a sculpture. A force of nature, for
instance, or an idea. A symbol can also stand for someone's whole
story.
the eye being used in ancient Egypt times is to represent the Eye of
Horus, the sky god.
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figure 1.23, Symbol https://www.zilliondesigns.com/blog/famous-symbols-stories/ |
the sign emerged during the Hundred Year's War as a sign of English
valour and defiance against the French.
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figure 1.24, Symbol https://www.zilliondesigns.com/blog/famous-symbols-stories/ |
Words & Image
When words are used to direct the readers' attention to the picture,
especially to certain parts of it, or when pictures are used to direct
the readers' attention to a specific verbal message, the word-image
relationship is predominantly a pragmatic one.
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figure 1.25, Words & Image https://pin.it/1NaaDEM |
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figure 1.26, Words & Image, The Wild Truth https://pin.it/17CibpV |
INTRODUCTION OF MIB & ASSIGNMENTS & EXERCISE PROGRESSION
Instruction
<iframe
src="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rCZMU44iubfbSBXdhxtzgOdEke5V2jJ3/preview"
width="640" height="480" allow="autoplay"></iframe>
I have chosen 5 design principles out of the 9 principles which are
Gestalt theory, Contrast, Repetition, Emphasis and
Harmony & Unity.
VISUAL RESEARCH
Gestalt Theory
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figure 2.1, gestalt theory images were taken from Pinterest: https://pin.it/3QgEbe4 |
figure2.1 although is like a collage but it gives an enhanced
understanding of gestalt theory, the art in it which has the principles of
good figure and principles of continuation
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figure 2.2, gestalt theory images were taken from Pinterest: https://pin.it/3Cx1RTp |
figure 2.2, is from an artist named Zamira Sela, as she drew this on
her own and it is from a sketch, it possesses the principles of proximity
and closure.
PROGRESS & IDEA EXPLORATION
figure 2.3, gestalt theory, draft #1
Descriptions:
Actually, I have no idea what I should create by using the principles
of gestalt theory, however, an idea popped out that I could try to
portray myself with the principles of the gestalt theory.
the spec - is round like a circle hence it involves the principles of
similarity.
the hair - the wind is ruffed through my hair, which involved the
principles of continuous.
the face shape, dots of the ear - are involved with the principles of
proximity,
The reason why I named my draft work ' My Hair Loss Journey' is lately,
I have been experiencing quite some hair loss.
Feedback for draft work #1
Dr Yip commented on which areas can be improved such as the hair can try
to draw from thin to thick to make it better and also can try to make it
silhouette art.
PROGRESS & IDEA EXPLORATION
I received the feedback from Dr Yip on week 2, and I could not think of
another way to portray myself hence I decided to re-create another art that
represents 'Gestalt Theory. On Pinterest, this art captures my attention as they are similar in it
however they displayed different emotions on both sides.
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gestalt theory, figure 2.4 The image was taken from Pinterest: https://pin.it/5NhstvK |
Description: I was trying to create art that has two
opposed emotions in one piece. I did not continue draft #1, as
I'm not good at self-portraits or drawing hence I try to make it simple
and the art figure 2.2 it inspires me.
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| gestalt theory, figure 2.5, draft #2 |
My draft#2 for this is trying to show two different shapes and two
different emotions, however, while I designed it I felt it is too much to
combine two things together hence I decided to try on different ideas which
are draft #3 that are more identical patterns yet present two
different emotions in art.
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| gestalt theory, figure 2.6, draft #4 |
After I designed the art, I felt that I can add some colours to display
the opposed emotions in the art.
Feedback from Dr Yip for draft work 2,3,4:
The art does have the potential to be gestalt theory however the lines and
circles can be improved and try to make it more aligned, moreover, the shape
of the art can be improved as it can look like a heart hence should try to
rotate the other way around and see does it look similar.
After receiving feedback from Dr Yip, so I tried to reshape it and
draft #5 is kinda similar to draft#4 however they are more on
the centre
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gestalt theory, figure 2.7, draft #5 |
While I was doing adjustments for draft#5, I felt that the shape
are not so similar hence I tried to re-create another type of shape I
have an idea, to try to design a shape that is similar to the wings of a
butterfly.
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| gestalt theory, figure 2.8 draft #6 |
Feedback
Dr Yip: draft#5 although it looks like a vase however
draft #6 has the principles of similarity and principles of
closure so Dr Yip's advice select draft#6 as the final will be
more fit for the title.
From my own perspective, preferably it will be draft #6
as well as the shapes are more similar and it has a more clear
vision.
FINAL OUTCOME
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| figure 2.7, the final outcome of the gestalt theory |
REFLECTION
During the exercise, I do have a better understanding of what is
Gestalt Theory such as closure, similarity and proximity. Throughout the
design process, I remembered for draft#1 I was really out of ideas, and could
not think more of any, nevertheless, I keep exploring my visual research
and brainstorming although the process is interesting it also comes
along with pressure, I was always worried that I would not come out with
any ideas however I am very happy that I came out with the final art of Gestalt
Theory.
VISUAL RESEARCH
Contrast
When I first saw the design I actually liked it as it is an easy way to
portray myself with the colours I like and a way of representing myself.
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| Figure 3.1 self-portrait, contrast (credit: Pinterest) |
PROGRESS & IDEA EXPLORATION
Description: The colours that I selected is the colour that I like and the words
also represented the items I like too. However, when I finished the
art, I felt that the draft it does not relate to the title 'Contrast'
hence I decided to create another art that is more related to
'Contrast.'
In contrast, figure 3.2, daft work #1
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Contrast, figure 3.3, draft #2 |
Feedback from Dr Yip: Feedback from Dr Yip, as the colour is a
bit plain, moreover the words are too light and too much as well which
does not represent 'Contrast.'
VISUAL RESEARCH
PROGRESS & IDEA EXPLORATION
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Contrast, figure 3.4 Images were taken from: https://www.liveabout.com/definition-of-simultaneous-contrast-2577729 |
Description: The reason I create another art due to I re-consider
the previous draft #1 and draft #2 and I was pondering
that it does not fit in well with the title of 'Contrast' hence I
decided to try on another idea which is creating two different shape;
circle and triangle and combine both of them in a square box and filled
with the colour of red and blue.
draft#3 I used my tablet to sketch my ideas out, however, the
circles are not too round-shape.
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| Contrast, figure 3.5 draft #3 |
So I decided to use Adobe Illustration
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| Contrast, figure 3.6, draft #4 |
Feedback from Dr Yip:
The advice that Dr Yip advised is that the art does have the
potential to be a contrasting art however it has too many elements
in it such as the patterns and colours hence Dr Yip advised
instead of grouping the elements all together I should select a
group of patterns and colours to simplify it and will be
efficient.
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| Contrast, figure 3.7, draft #5 |
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| Contrast figure 3.8, draft #6 |
Feedback from Dr Yip:
draft#6 has more potential for Contrast, however, the
placement of the words needs to be adjusted.
FINAL OUTCOME
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| figure 3.9, the final outcome for Contrast. |
REFLECTION
I feel that throughout my whole journey of designing the
principles of design, I always make mistakes such as the art do
not fit well with the title, however, I accepted it as a
challenge, and it helped me to emplored more on Contrast.
Moreover, I did learn that different colours show different
impact on the art, for example for my draft#1 the colours
are too subtle so it does not draw attention, however for the
final outcome can notice that the colours are strong, and the
attention is on the circle shape figure. I do like the final
outcome compared to my very first draft.
VISUAL RESEARCH
Repetition
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| figure 4.1, Repetition https://www.istockphoto.com/search/2/image?mediatype=illustration&phrase=chess+king |
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| figure 4.2, Repetiton Images were taken from https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/chessboard-with-black-and-white-chess-pieces-eps10-vector-3495470 PROGRESS & IDEA EXPLORATION |
Description:
I came across the idea from the images of a chessboard, as I do
think that life is like chess, the decision you make eventually leads
to the end. Every character has their own purpose however today the
role I picked is called 'the pawn' they are designed to move directly
forward for one vacant square or two, although it was called the most
numerous and weakest piece in the game of chess. A pawn may look
invaluably, a chess piece that can be thrown away, nevertheless, a
chess piece that is always ignorable but yet they can kill any chess
piece as long as they're diagonal to it.
So my idea is that in reality, people are like a pawn as we make our
own decision and move step by step it seems peaceful and
straightforward however there are some 'pawns' would go diagonally and
eat the other pieces which I feel is similar in those bully cases in
school or workplace. People, who look innocent yet make one wrong step
leads to a deadly decision or I would call it hurting
people.
For example, if a bully case happens in school, most adults would
consider it just a play among children hence is nothing serious
however most teens are suffering mostly from being bullied and in
worse scenarios it leads to suicide.
My idea is to present that a pawn although seems weak but yet it is
deadly.
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| Repetition, figure 4.2, draft #1 |
This is my first sketch, so at first, I feel that the word HELP is too
obvious thus I changed it to draft #2 as I wanted to make the word
look like a 'camouflage'
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| Repetition, figure 4.3, draft#2 |
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| Repetition, figure 4.4, draft#3 |
Description: I am trying to send out a message from the view of
people who suffer from bullying, I understand although today society
encourages people to stand up and not tolerate the bullies however I
believe there are people who are frightened of the abuse, and peer
pressure hence they have no place to seek help thus I feel that if they
were want to seek help a hidden message is a place for them to speak up,
thus I designed the word 'HELP' not too apparent.
the black colours are the bystanders.
the white ones are the victims.
the highlight is the red one - the domineering bully.
The colour of the background is mustard yellow, and the colour yellow
actually symbolises hope and happiness.
Feedback from Dr Yip, as this does represent repetition however can consider to try on
reducing the amount of 'pawns.'
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| Repetition, figure 4.5, draft #4 |
Feedback from Dr Yip
Now that we have two art however draft#3 is more suitable than draft#4
although the amount of the 'pawns' are reduced however visually draft #3
has a more impact image. Moreover can try to find ways to make the
word "Help" more noticeable.
Final Outcome
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| figure 4.6, final outcome for Repetition. |
REFLECTION
I always like to combine ideas and art together as I believe art is a
piece of work that always has a meaning and proposes it. So, my art of
Repetition is trying to create awareness and draws people's attention to
any bully cases. At first, I wasn't really attracted to
draft#1, however, I want to finish it, I got to explore and
discover more articles about bullying, and cyberbullying as well, so
sometimes bully it does not just involve teens, in the adult world is
even more terrible. I like my final outcome of Repetition moreover I
find it fun to create a hidden message from a victim's view.
VISUAL RESEARCH
Emphasis
Description: As my Chinese zodiac sign is a snake as I am
born in the year 2001 and I love the flower ‘Daisy’ hence I combined
these together.‘Daisy' is made up of white petals and yellow in the centre, as I like
the meaning of Daisy as it symbolises new begins, new hope, fun
affection.
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Emphasis, figure 5.1 |
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Emphasis, figure 5.2 Images were taken from: https://pin.it/6VQNZWP |
PROGRESS & IDEA EXPLORATION
Description:
As I was searching for ways to design the snake hence for
draft snake #1
I found it too animated and too cute, so I try a simpler way which
is
draft snake #2
I find the inspiration idea from a tattooed snake online.
draft snake #3
I was trying to combine the snake and a face together however I feel it
does not work out hence I changed to another idea.
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| Emphasis, figure 5.3, draft snake #1 |
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| Emphasis, figure 5.4, draft snake #2 |
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| Emphasis, figure 5.5, draft snake#3 |
Description:
I have an idea of combining the daisy flower and snake
together.
draft#4- is the idea of I am trying to make it like a sunny side egg and the
eyes are made from the shape of the snake and the eyes are in red colour
as if it's domaining or look sad or surprised.
draft#5- is the first draft of combining daisy and snake together and the petal
is coloured with yellow and black and the expression I'm trying is to
like the petal is falling and it is shocked., as I feel like draft#4
does not fit the idea that I want.
draft#6- is like the flower petal in the same colour all in black.
draft #7 - When I design draft#6 I feel something is plain so I try to make the
background a bit coloured yellow.
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| Emphasis, figure 5.7, work #5 |
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| Emphasis, figure 5.6 draft #4 |
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| Emphasis, figure 5.8, draft #6 |
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| Emphasis, figure 5.9, draft #7 |
Feedback: The idea is not bad because I am putting the
flower that I like and the snake representing my Chinese zodiac,
however, it can be improvised as the art it looks very plain and too
direct hence the advice is given that I can change the flower petal into
the snake form as to make it more identically.
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| Emphasis,, figure 5.10, draft #8 |
Description: I feel that the draft#8 flower petal is a
bit too much as too many elements are ongoing hence I changed the
flower to simpler.
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Emphasis, figure 5.11, draft#9 |
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| Emphasis, figure 5.12, draft#10 |
Feedback from Dr Yip
The idea is interesting and in her advice draft#9
is nicer hence can go for it, however, the colour of the background can
be re-adjust as the highlight is the snake itself, with the colour red
colour it may take away the attention of the snake.
Final Outcome
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| figure 5.13, the final outcome for Emphasis. |
REFLECTION
Among the other principles of design, I enjoyed the progress of
creating this final outcome of Emphasis and can see a noticeable improvement in the progress. At first, my ideas are just too subtle, create a flower
with eyes that look like a snake, but now I created a snake the size is
much bigger and the flower makes it simpler, thus when it is together,
the audience will know that the main focus is the snake. Besides that my
draft#10 the colour of the background is too strong thus Dr Yip
suggested that try another way like changing it to a more subtle colour,
this is if the colours are too strong instead of drawing attention to
the snake the attention will lay on the colour of background itself
which will lead a misconception that this is a piece of art about
Contrast and not Emphasis.
VISUAL RESEARCH
Harmony & Unity
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figure 6.1 Images were taken from: https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/cubist-head-illustration-gm470702700-63095153?phrase=picasso |
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figure 6.2 Images were taken from:https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Weeping-Woman-1937-Pablo-Picasso_fig4_228108062 (Weeping women 1937, - Pablo Picasso) |
PROGRESS & IDEA EXPLORATION
Description: I had the idea of combining things that I like
which are the shape of ice cream and a human face that is look-alike
together, the eye tears drop like red colour which is the tear as if the
ice cream is back to alive and it is crying that because he is
melting.
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| figure 6.3 draft #1 |
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| figure 6.4, draft #2 |
The art is interesting however it is not suitable for the title of
Harmony and Unity, it is more fit for Contrast, as the definition
for Harmony & Unity is combining similar or related elements. Adjacent colours, similar shape,
related to texture.
PROGRESS & IDEA EXPLORATION
So I'm trying to re-create the art for Harmony &. Unity and an idea
pop out that I can combine the eyeball of a human and the toy that we
always played with during childhood.
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figure 6.5, images were taken from: https://waitbutwhy.com/2013/09/all-weird-toys-from-your-childhood.html |
First, the lines indicated that we can see different elements through
our eyes. and the bottom circle which is in black and red represents the
pupils of the eye. The ideas is that show that although everyone's eyeball is slight the same but what we saw it can be different, so the lines and circle are indicating that lots of elements like for somone it look like a donut or galaxy because each every individuals has their own views.
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| figure 6.6, draft#3 |
Then next, I added the shapes of the pupils.
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| figure 6.7, draft#4 |
So, I was trying to show the shadow of the pupils.
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| figure 6.8, draft#5 |
Final Outcome
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| figure 6.9, the final outcome for Harmony & Unity. |
REFLECTION
I would said it is a pity that my draft 1 are weren't fit well to the tittle, as the art itself I do like it very much, however it also give me benifits that I can learn more about Harmon & Unity, and the differences from the other principles. So after received feedback from Dr Yip, I try to explore more and try to create an art that fit well on the tittle.
Actually, the final outcome for Harmony & Unity I also do like it, becasue actually the eyeball are from the draft#1 but I re-created to another piece of art, which it actually a little comfort for me.
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